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Interpretation
     2.  - (1) In this Order - 

"the Act" means the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982;

"the Regulation" means Council Regulation (EC) No. 44/2001 of 22nd December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters;

"Regulation State" in any provision, in the application of that provision in relation to the Regulation, has the same meaning as "Member State" in the Regulation, that is all Member States except Denmark.

    (2) In Schedule 2 to this Order, a section, Part, Schedule or paragraph referred to by number alone is a reference to the section, Part, Schedule or paragraph so numbered in the Act.

The Regulation
     3. Schedule 1 to this Order (which applies certain provisions of the Act with modifications for the purposes of the Regulation) shall have effect.

Amendments to the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982
     4. Schedule 2 to this Order (which makes amendments to the Act) shall have effect.

Consequential amendments
     5. Schedule 3 to this Order (which makes consequential amendments) shall have effect.

Transitional provisions
     6.  - (1) Where proceedings are begun before 1st March 2002 in any part of the United Kingdom on the basis of jurisdiction determined in accordance with section 16 of, and Schedule 4 to, the Act, the proceedings may be continued as if the amendments made by paragraphs 3 and 4 of Schedule 2 to this Order had not been made and those amendments shall not apply in respect of any proceedings begun before that date.

    (2) Where proceedings are begun before 1st March 2002 in any court in Scotland on the basis of jurisdiction determined in accordance with section 20 of, and Schedule 8 to, the Act, the proceedings may be continued as if the amendments made by paragraphs 6 and 7 of Schedule 2 to this Order had not been made and those amendments shall not apply in respect of any proceedings begun before that date.


A.K. Galloway
Clerk of the Privy Council

    (2) Such an application shall be determined in the first instance by the prescribed officer of the court having jurisdiction in the matter.

    (3) A maintenance order registered under the Regulation shall, for the purposes of its enforcement, be of the same force and effect, the registering court shall have in relation to its enforcement the same powers, and proceedings for or with respect to its enforcement may be taken, as if the order had been originally made by the registering court.

    (4) Sub-paragraph (3) is subject to Article 47 (restriction on enforcement where appeal pending or time for appeal unexpired), to paragraph 5 and to any provision made by rules of court as to the manner in which and conditions subject to which an order registered under the Regulation may be enforced.

    (5) A maintenance order which by virtue of the Regulation is enforceable by a magistrates' court in England and Wales shall, subject to the modifications of sections 76 and 93 of the Magistrates' Courts Act 1980[9] specified in sections 5(5B) and 5(5C) of the Act[10], be enforceable in the same manner as a magistrates' court maintenance order made by that court.

In this sub-paragraph "magistrates' court maintenance order" has the same meaning as in section 150(1) of the Magistrates' Courts Act 1980[11].

    (6) A maintenance order which by virtue of the Regulation is enforceable by a magistrates' court in Northern Ireland shall, subject to the modifications of Article 98 of the Magistrates' Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981[12] specified in section 5(6A) of the Act[13], be enforceable as an order made by that court to which that Article applies.

    (7) The payer under a maintenance order registered under the Regulation in a magistrates' court in England and Wales or Northern Ireland shall give notice of any changes of address to the proper officer of that court.

A person who without reasonable excuse fails to comply with this sub-paragraph shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 2 on the standard scale.

    (8) In sub-paragraph (7) "proper officer" means - 

(a) in relation to a magistrates' court in England and Wales, the justices' chief executive for the court; and

(b) in relation to a magistrates' court in Northern Ireland, the clerk of the court.

Appeals under Article 44 and Annex IV (section 6)
     4.  - (1) The single further appeal on a point of law referred to under Article 44 and Annex IV in relation to the recognition or enforcement of a judgment other than a maintenance order lies - 

(a) in England and Wales or Northern Ireland, to the Court of Appeal or to the House of Lords in accordance with Part II of the Administration of Justice Act 1969[14] (appeals direct from the High Court to the House of Lords);

(b) in Scotland, to the Inner House of the Court of Session.

    (2) Paragraph (a) of sub-paragraph (1) has effect notwithstanding section 15(2) of the Administration of Justice Act 1969[15] (exclusion of direct appeal to the House of Lords in cases where no appeal to that House lies from a decision of the Court of Appeal).

    (3) The single further appeal on a point of law referred to in Article 44 and Annex IV in relation to the recognition or enforcement of a maintenance order lies - 

(a) in England and Wales, to the High Court by way of case stated in accordance with section 111 of the Magistrates' Courts Act 1980;

(b) in Scotland, to the Inner House of the Court of Session;

(c) in Northern Ireland, to the Court of Appeal.

Interest on registered judgments (section 7)
     5.  - (1) Subject to sub-paragraph (3), where in connection with an application for registration of a judgment under the Regulation the applicant shows - 

(a) that the judgment provides for the payment of a sum of money; and

(b) that in accordance with the law of the Regulation State in which the judgment was given interest on that sum is recoverable under the judgment from a particular date or time,

the rate of interest and the date or time from which it is so recoverable shall be registered with the judgment and, subject to rules of court, the debt resulting, apart from paragraph 2(1), from the registration of the judgment shall carry interest in accordance with the registered particulars.

    (2) Costs or expenses recoverable by virtue of paragraph 2(1) shall carry interest as if they were the subject of an order for the payment of costs or expenses made by the registering court on the date of registration.

    (3) Interest on arrears of sums payable under a maintenance order registered under the Regulation in a magistrates' court in England and Wales or Northern Ireland shall not be recoverable in that court, but without prejudice to the operation in relation to any such order of section 2A of the Maintenance Orders Act 1958[16] or section 11A of the Maintenance and Affiliation Orders Act (Northern Ireland) 1966[17] (which enable interest to be recovered if the order is re-registered for enforcement in the High Court).

    (4) Except as mentioned in sub-paragraph (3), debts under judgments registered under the Regulation shall carry interest only as provided by this paragraph.

Currency of payment under registered maintenance orders (section 8)
     6.  - (1) Sums payable in the United Kingdom under a maintenance order by virtue of its registration under the Regulation, including any arrears so payable, shall be paid in the currency of the United Kingdom.

    (2) Where the order is expressed in any other currency, the amounts shall be converted on the basis of the exchange rate prevailing on the date of registration of the order.

    (3) For the purposes of this paragraph, a written certificate purporting to be signed by an officer of any bank in the United Kingdom and stating the exchange rate prevailing on a specified date shall be evidence, and in Scotland sufficient evidence, of the facts stated.

Allocation within United Kingdom of jurisdiction with respect to trusts and consumer contracts (section 10)
     7.  - (1) The provisions of this paragraph have effect for the purpose of allocating within the United Kingdom jurisdiction in certain proceedings in respect of which the Regulation confers jurisdiction on the courts of the United Kingdom generally and to which section 16 of the Act does not apply.

    (2) Any proceedings which by virtue of Article 5(6) (trusts) are brought in the United Kingdom shall be brought in the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which the trust is domiciled.

    (3) Any proceedings which by virtue of the Article 16(1) (consumer contracts) are brought in the United Kingdom by a consumer on the ground that he is himself domiciled there shall be brought in the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which he is domiciled.

Proof and admissibility of certain judgments and related documents (section 11)
     8.  - (1) For the purposes of the Regulation - 

(a) a document, duly authenticated, which purports to be a copy of a judgment given by a court of a Regulation State other than the United Kingdom shall without further proof be deemed to be a true copy, unless the contrary is shown; and

(b) a certificate obtained in accordance with Article 54 and Annex V shall be evidence, and in Scotland sufficient evidence, that the judgment is enforceable in the Regulation State of origin.

    (2) A document purporting to be a copy of a judgment given by any such court as is mentioned in sub-paragraph (1)(a) is duly authenticated for the purposes of this paragraph if it purports - 

(a) to bear the seal of that court; or

(b) to be certified by any person in his capacity as a judge or officer of that court to be a true copy of a judgment given by that court.

    (3) Nothing in this paragraph shall prejudice the admission in evidence of any document which is admissible apart from this paragraph.

Domicile of individuals (section 41)
     9.  - (1) Subject to Article 59 (which contains provisions for determining whether a party is domiciled in a Regulation State), the following provisions of this paragraph determine, for the purposes of the Regulation, whether an individual is domiciled in the United Kingdom or in a particular part of, or place in, the United Kingdom or in a state other than a Regulation State.

    (2) An individual is domiciled in the United Kingdom if and only if - 

(a) he is resident in the United Kingdom; and

(b) the nature and circumstances of his residence indicate that he has a substantial connection with the United Kingdom.

    (3) Subject to sub-paragraph (5), an individual is domiciled in a particular part of the United Kingdom if and only if - 

(a) he is resident in that part; and

(b) the nature and circumstances of his residence indicate that he has a substantial connection with that part.

    (4) An individual is domiciled in a particular place in the United Kingdom if and only if he - 

(a) is domiciled in the part of the United Kingdom in which that place is situated; and

(b) is resident in that place.

    (5) An individual who is domiciled in the United Kingdom but in whose case the requirements of sub-paragraph (3)(b) are not satisfied in relation to any particular part of the United Kingdom shall be treated as domiciled in the part of the United Kingdom in which he is resident.

    (6) In the case of an individual who - 

(a) is resident in the United Kingdom, or in a particular part of the United Kingdom; and

(b) has been so resident for the last three months or more,

the requirements of sub-paragraph (2)(b) or, as the case may be, sub-paragraph (3)(b) shall be presumed to be fulfilled unless the contrary is proved.

    (7) An individual is domiciled in a state other than a Regulation State if and only if - 

(a) he is resident in that state; and

(b) the nature and circumstances of his residence indicate that he has a substantial connection with that state.

Seat of company, or other legal person or association for purposes of Article 22(2) (section 43)
     10.  - (1) The following provisions of this paragraph determine where a company, legal person or association has its seat for the purposes of Article 22(2) (which confers exclusive jurisdiction over proceedings relating to the formation or dissolution of such bodies, or to the decisions of their organs).

    (2) A company, legal person or association has its seat in the United Kingdom if and only if - 

(a) it was incorporated or formed under the law of a part of the United Kingdom; or

(b) its central management and control is exercised in the United Kingdom.

    (3) Subject to sub-paragraph (4), a company, legal person or association has its seat in a Regulation State other than the United Kingdom if and only if - 

(a) it was incorporated or formed under the law of that state; or

(b) its central management and control is exercised in that state.

    (4) A company, legal person or association shall not be regarded as having its seat in a Regulation State other than the United Kingdom if -

(a) it has its seat in the United Kingdom by virtue of sub-paragraph (2)(a); or

(b) it is shown that the courts of that other state would not regard it for the purposes of Article 22(2) as having its seat there.

Persons deemed to be domiciled in the United Kingdom for certain purposes (section 44)
     11.  - (1) This paragraph applies to

(a) proceedings within Section 3 of Chapter II of the Regulation (insurance contracts),

(b) proceedings within Section 4 of Chapter II of the Regulation (consumer contracts), and

(c) proceedings within Section 5 of Chapter II of the Regulation (employment contracts).

    (2) A person who, for the purposes of proceedings to which this paragraph applies arising out of the operations of a branch, agency or other establishment in the United Kingdom, is deemed for the purposes of the Regulation to be domiciled in the United Kingdom by virtue of - 

(a) Article 9(2) (insurers); or

(b) Article 15(2) (suppliers of goods, services or credit to consumers), or

(c) Article 18(2) (employers),

shall, for the purposes of those proceedings, be treated as so domiciled and as domiciled in the part of the United Kingdom in which the branch, agency or establishment in question is situated.

Domicile of trusts (section 45)
     12.  - (1) The following provisions of this paragraph determine for the purposes of the Regulation where a trust is domiciled.

    (2) A trust is domiciled in the United Kingdom if and only if it is by virtue of sub-paragraph (3) domiciled in a part of the United Kingdom.

    (3) A trust is domiciled in a part of the United Kingdom if and only if the system of law of that part is the system of law with which the trust has its closest and most real connection.

" SCHEDULE 4
CHAPTER II OF THE REGULATION AS MODIFIED: RULES FOR ALLOCATION OF JURISDICTION WITHIN UK

General
     1. Subject to the rules of this Schedule, persons domiciled in a part of the United Kingdom shall be sued in the courts of that part.

     2. Persons domiciled in a part of the United Kingdom may be sued in the courts of another part of the United Kingdom only by virtue of rules 3 to 13 of this Schedule.

Special jurisdiction
     3. A person domiciled in a part of the United Kingdom may, in another part of the United Kingdom, be sued - 


(a) in matters relating to a contract, in the courts for the place of performance of the obligation in question;

(b) in matters relating to maintenance, in the courts for the place where the maintenance creditor is domiciled or habitually resident or, if the matter is ancillary to proceedings concerning the status of a person, in the court which, according to its own law, has jurisdiction to entertain those proceedings, unless that jurisdiction is based solely on the nationality of one of the parties;

(c) in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict, in the courts for the place where the harmful event occurred or may occur;

(d) as regards a civil claim for damages or restitution which is based on an act giving rise to criminal proceedings, in the court seised of those proceedings, to the extent that that court has jurisdiction under its own law to entertain civil proceedings;

(e) as regards a dispute arising out of the operations of a branch, agency or other establishment, in the courts for the place in which the branch, agency or other establishment is situated;

(f) as settlor, trustee or beneficiary of a trust created by the operation of a statute, or by a written instrument, or created orally and evidenced in writing, in the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which the trust is domiciled;

(g) as regards a dispute concerning the payment of remuneration claimed in respect of the salvage of a cargo or freight, in the court under the authority of which the cargo or freight in question - 


(i) has been arrested to secure such payment; or

(ii) could have been so arrested, but bail or other security has been given;



provided that this provision shall apply only if it is claimed that the defendant has an interest in the cargo or freight or had such an interest at the time of salvage;

(h) in proceedings - 



(i) concerning a debt secured on immovable property; or

(ii) which are brought to assert, declare or determine proprietary or possessory rights, or rights of security, in or over movable property, or to obtain authority to dispose of movable property,



in the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which the property is situated.



     4. Proceedings which have as their object a decision of an organ of a company or other legal person or of an association of natural or legal persons may, without prejudice to the other provisions of this Schedule, be brought in the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which that company, legal person or association has its seat.

     5. A person domiciled in a part of the United Kingdom may, in another part of the United Kingdom, also be sued - 



(a) where he is one of a number of defendants, in the courts for the place where any one of them is domiciled, provided the claims are so closely connected that it is expedient to hear and determine them together to avoid the risk of irreconcilable judgments resulting from separate proceedings;

(b) as a third party in an action on a warranty or guarantee or in any other third party proceedings, in the court seised of the original proceedings, unless these were instituted solely with the object of removing him from the jurisdiction of the court which would be competent in his case;

(c) on a counter-claim arising from the same contract or facts on which the original claim was based, in the court in which the original claim is pending;

(d) in matters relating to a contract, if the action may be combined with an action against the same defendant in matters relating to rights in rem in immovable property, in the court of the part of the United Kingdom in which the property is situated.



     6. Where by virtue of this Schedule a court of a part of the United Kingdom has jurisdiction in actions relating to liability arising from the use or operation of a ship, that court, or any other court substituted for this purpose by the internal law of that part, shall also have jurisdiction over claims for limitation of such liability.



Jurisdiction over consumer contracts
     7.  - (1) In matters relating to a contract concluded by a person, the consumer, for a purpose which can be regarded as being outside his trade or profession, jurisdiction shall be determined by this rule and rules 8 and 9, without prejudice to rule 3(e) and (h)(ii), if - 


(a) it is a contract for the sale of goods on instalment credit terms; or

(b) it is a contract for a loan repayable by instalments, or for any other form of credit, made to finance the sale of goods; or

(c) in all other cases, the contract has been concluded with a person who pursues commercial or professional activities in the part of the United Kingdom in which the consumer is domiciled or, by any means, directs such activities to that part or to other parts of the United Kingdom including that part, and the contract falls within the scope of such activities.



    (2) This rule shall not apply to a contract of transport other than a contract which, for an inclusive price, provides for a combination of travel and accommodation, or to a contract of insurance.

     8.  - (1) A consumer may bring proceedings against the other party to a contract either in the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which that party is domiciled or in the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which the consumer is domiciled.

    (2) Proceedings may be brought against a consumer by the other party to the contract only in the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which the consumer is domiciled.

    (3) The provisions of this rule shall not affect the right to bring a counter-claim in the court in which, in accordance with this rule and rules 7 and 9, the original claim is pending.

     9. The provisions of rules 7 and 8 may be departed from only by an agreement - 



(a) which is entered into after the dispute has arisen; or

(b) which allows the consumer to bring proceedings in courts other than those indicated in those rules; or

(c) which is entered into by the consumer and the other party to the contract, both of whom are at the time of conclusion of the contract domiciled or habitually resident in the same part of the United Kingdom, and which confers jurisdiction on the courts of that part, provided that such an agreement is not contrary to the law of that part.

Jurisdiction over individual contracts of employment


     10.  - (1) In matters relating to individual contracts of employment, jurisdiction shall be determined by this rule, without prejudice to rule 3(e).

    (2) An employer may be sued - 



(a) in the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which he is domiciled; or

(b) in the courts of the part of the United Kingdom where the employee habitually carries out his work or in the courts of that part where he last did so; or

(c) if the employee does not or did not habitually carry out his work in any one place, in the courts of the part of the United Kingdom where the business which engaged the employee is or was situated.



    (3) An employer may bring proceedings only in the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which the employee is domiciled.

    (4) The provisions of this rule shall not affect the right to bring a counter-claim in the court in which, in accordance with this rule, the original claim is pending.

    (5) The provisions of this rule may be departed from only by an agreement on jurisdiction - 



(a) which is entered into after the dispute has arisen; or

(b) which allows the employee to bring proceedings in courts other than those indicated in this rule.

Exclusive jurisdiction


     11. The following courts shall have exclusive jurisdiction, regardless of domicile : - 



(a)


(i) in proceedings which have as their object rights in rem in immovable property or tenancies of immovable property, the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which the property is situated;

(ii) however, in proceedings which have as their object tenancies of immovable property concluded for temporary private use for a maximum period of six consecutive months, the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which the defendant is domiciled shall also have jurisdiction, provided that the tenant is a natural person and that the landlord and the tenant are domiciled in the same part of the United Kingdom;



(b) in proceedings which have as their object the validity of the constitution, the nullity or the dissolution of companies or other legal persons or associations of natural or legal persons, the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which the company, legal person or association has its seat;

(c) in proceedings which have as their object the validity of entries in public registers, the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which the register is kept;

(d) in proceedings concerned with the enforcement of judgments, the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which the judgment has been or is to be enforced.



Prorogation of jurisdiction


     12.  - (1) If the parties have agreed that a court or the courts of a part of the United Kingdom are to have jurisdiction to settle any disputes which have arisen or which may arise in connection with a particular legal relationship, and, apart from this Schedule, the agreement would be effective to confer jurisdiction under the law of that part, that court or those courts shall have jurisdiction.

    (2) The court or courts of a part of the United Kingdom on which a trust instrument has conferred jurisdiction shall have jurisdiction in any proceedings brought against a settlor, trustee or beneficiary, if relations between these persons or their rights or obligations under the trust are involved.

    (3) Agreements or provisions of a trust instrument conferring jurisdiction shall have no legal force if they are contrary to the provisions of rule 9, or if the courts whose jurisdiction they purport to exclude have exclusive jurisdiction by virtue of rule 11.

     13.  - (1) Apart from jurisdiction derived from other provisions of this Schedule, a court of a part of the United Kingdom before which a defendant enters an appearance shall have jurisdiction.

    (2) This rule shall not apply where appearance was entered to contest the jurisdiction, or where another court has exclusive jurisdiction by virtue of rule 11.



Examination as to jurisdiction and admissibility
     14. Where a court of a part of the United Kingdom is seised of a claim which is principally concerned with a matter over which the courts of another part of the United Kingdom have exclusive jurisdiction by virtue of rule 11, it shall declare of its own motion that it has no jurisdiction.

     15.  - (1) Where a defendant domiciled in one part of the United Kingdom is sued in a court of another part of the United Kingdom and does not enter an appearance, the court shall declare of its own motion that it has no jurisdiction unless its jurisdiction is derived from the provisions of this Schedule.

    (2) The court shall stay the proceedings so long as it is not shown that the defendant has been able to receive the document instituting the proceedings or an equivalent document in sufficient time to enable him to arrange for his defence, or that all necessary steps have been taken to this end.

Provisional, including protective, measures
     16. Application may be made to the courts of a part of the United Kingdom for such provisional, including protective, measures as may be available under the law of that part, even if, under this Schedule, the courts of another part of the United Kingdom have jurisdiction as to the substance of the matter.".

     5. In Schedule 5 (proceedings excluded from Schedule 4), in paragraph 6(a) - 

(a) after "Article 57", insert ", or Article 71 of the Regulation,"; and

(b) omit "in the 1968 Convention".

" SCHEDULE 8
RULES AS TO JURISDICTION IN SCOTLAND

General
     1. Subject to the following rules, persons shall be sued in the courts for the place where they are domiciled.

Special jurisdiction
     2. Subject to rules 3 (jurisdiction over consumer contracts), 4 (jurisdiction over individual contracts of employment), 5 (exclusive jurisdiction) and 6 (prorogation), a person may also be sued - 


(a) where he has no fixed residence, in a court within whose jurisdiction he is personally cited;

(b) in matters relating to a contract, in the courts for the place of performance of the obligation in question;

(c) in matters relating to delict or quasi-delict, in the courts for the place where the harmful event occurred or may occur;

(d) as regards a civil claim for damages or restitution which is based on an act giving rise to criminal proceedings, in the court seised of those proceedings to the extent that the court has jurisdiction to entertain civil proceedings;

(e) in matters relating to maintenance, in the courts for the place where the maintenance creditor is domiciled or habitually resident or, if the matter is ancillary to proceedings concerning the status of a person, in the court which has jurisdiction to entertain those proceedings, provided that an action for adherence and aliment or of affiliation and aliment shall be treated as a matter relating to maintenance which is not ancillary to proceedings concerning the status of a person;

(f) as regards a dispute arising out of the operations of a branch, agency or other establishment, in the courts for the place in which the branch, agency or other establishment is situated;

(g) in his capacity as settlor, trustee or beneficiary of a trust domiciled in Scotland created by the operation of a statute, or by a written instrument, or created orally and evidenced in writing, in the Court of Session, or the appropriate sheriff court within the meaning of section 24A of the Trusts (Scotland) Act 1921;

(h) where he is not domiciled in the United Kingdom, in the courts for any place where - 


(i) any movable property belonging to him has been arrested; or

(ii) any immovable property in which he has any beneficial interest is situated;



(i) in proceedings which are brought to assert, declare or determine proprietary or possessory rights, or rights of security, in or over movable property, or to obtain authority to dispose of movable property, in the courts for the place where the property is situated;

(j) in proceedings for interdict, in the courts for the place where it is alleged that the wrong is likely to be committed;

(k) in proceedings concerning a debt secured over immovable property, in the courts for the place where the property is situated;

(l) in proceedings which have as their object a decision of an organ of a company or other legal person or of an association of natural or legal persons, in the courts for the place where that company, legal person or association has its seat;

(m) in proceedings concerning an arbitration which is conducted in Scotland or in which the procedure is governed by Scots law, in the Court of Session;

(n) in proceedings principally concerned with the registration in the United Kingdom or the validity in the United Kingdom of patents, trade marks, designs or other similar rights required to be deposited or registered, in the Court of Session;

(o)



(i) where he is one of a number of defenders, in the courts for the place where any one of them is domiciled, provided the claims are so closely connected that it is expedient to hear and determine them together to avoid the risk of irreconcilable judgments resulting from separate proceedings;

(ii) as a third party in an action on a warranty or guarantee or in any other third party proceedings, in the court seised of the original proceedings, unless these were instituted solely with the object of removing him from the jurisdiction of the court which would be competent in his case;

(iii) on a counterclaim arising from the same contract or facts on which the original claim was based, in the court in which the original claim is pending;



(p) in matters relating to a contract, if the action may be combined with an action against the same defender in matters relating to rights in rem in immovable property, in the courts for the place where the property is situated;

(q) as regards a claim for limitation of liability arising from the use or operation of a ship, in the court having jurisdiction in the action relating to such liability.



Jurisdiction over consumer contracts


     3.  - (1) In matters relating to a contract concluded by a person, the consumer, for a purpose which can be regarded as being outside his trade or profession, subject to rule 5, jurisdiction shall be determined by this rule if - 



(a) it is a contract for the sale of goods on instalment credit terms; or

(b) it is a contract for a loan repayable by instalments, or for any other form of credit, made to finance the sale of goods; or

(c) in all other cases, the contract has been concluded with a person who pursues commercial or professional activities in Scotland or, by any means, directs such activities to Scotland or to several places including Scotland, and the contract falls within the scope of such activities.



    (2) This rule shall not apply to a contract of transport other than a contract which, for an inclusive price, provides for a combination of travel and accommodation.

    (3) A consumer may bring proceedings against the other party to a contract only in - 



(a) the courts for the place in which that party is domiciled;

(b) the courts for the place in which he is himself domiciled; or

(c) any court having jurisdiction by virtue of rule 2(f) or (i).



    (4) Proceedings may be brought against a consumer by the other party to the contract only in the courts for the place where the consumer is domiciled or any court having jurisdiction under rule 2(i).

    (5) The provisions of this rule shall not affect the right to bring a counterclaim in the court in which, in accordance with this rule, the original claim is pending.

    (6) The provisions of this rule may be departed from only by an agreement - 



(a) which is entered into after the dispute has arisen; or

(b) which allows the consumer to bring proceedings in courts other than those indicated in this rule; or

(c) which is entered into by the consumer and the other party to the contract, both of whom are at the time of conclusion of the contract domiciled or habitually resident in the same Regulation State, and which confers jurisdiction on the courts of that Regulation State, provided that such an agreement is not contrary to the law of that Regulation State.

Jurisdiction over individual contracts of employment


     4.  - (1) In matters relating to individual contracts of employment, jurisdiction shall be determined by this rule, without prejudice to rule 2(f).

    (2) An employer may be sued - 



(a) in the courts for the place where he is domiciled; or

(b) in the courts for the place where the employee habitually carries out his work or in the courts for the last place where he did so; or

(c) if the employee does not or did not habitually carry out his work in any one place, in the courts for the place where the business which engaged the employee is or was situated.



    (3) An employer may bring proceedings only in the courts for the place in which the employee is domiciled.

    (4) The provisions of this rule shall not affect the right to bring a counter-claim in the court in which, in accordance with this rule, the original claim is pending.

    (5) The provisions of this rule may be departed from only by an agreement on jurisdiction - 



(a) which is entered into after the dispute has arisen; or

(b) which allows the employee to bring proceedings in courts other than those indicated in this rule.

Exclusive jurisdiction


     5.  - (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in any of rules 1 to 4 above or 6 to 9 below but subject to paragraph (3) below, the following courts shall have exclusive jurisdiction: - 



(a) in proceedings which have as their object rights in rem in[a], or tenancies of, immovable property, the courts for the place where the property is situated;

(b) in proceedings which have as their object the validity of the constitution, the nullity or the dissolution of companies or other legal persons or associations of natural or legal persons, the courts for the place where the company, legal person or association has its seat;

(c) in proceedings which have as their object the validity of entries in public registers, the courts for the place where the register is kept;

(d) in proceedings concerned with the enforcement of judgments, the courts for the place where the judgment has been or is to be enforced.



    (2) No court shall exercise jurisdiction in a case where immovable property, the seat of a body mentioned in paragraph (1)(b) above, a public register or the place where a judgment has been or is to be enforced is situated outside Scotland and where paragraph (1) would apply if the property, seat, register or, as the case may be, place of enforcement were situated in Scotland.

    (3) In proceedings which have as their object tenancies of immovable property concluded for temporary private use for a maximum period of six consecutive months, the courts for the place in which the defender is domiciled shall also have jurisdiction, provided that the tenant is a natural person and that the landlord and tenant are domiciled in Scotland.



Prorogation of jurisdiction
     6.  - (1) If the parties have agreed that a court is to have jurisdiction to settle any disputes which have arisen or which may arise in connection with a particular legal relationship, that court shall have jurisdiction.

    (2) Such an agreement conferring jurisdiction shall be either - 


(a) in writing or evidenced in writing; or

(b) in a form which accords with practices which the parties have established between themselves; or

(c) in international trade or commerce, in a form which accords with a usage of which the parties are or ought to have been aware and which in such trade or commerce is widely known to, and regularly observed by, parties to contracts of the type involved in the particular trade or commerce concerned.



    (3) Any communication by electronic means which provides a durable record of the agreement shall be equivalent to "writing".

    (4) The court on which a trust instrument has conferred jurisdiction shall have exclusive jurisdiction in any proceedings brought against a settlor, trustee or beneficiary, if relations between these persons or their rights or obligations under the trust are involved.

    (5) Where an agreement or a trust instrument confers jurisdiction on the courts of the United Kingdom or of Scotland, proceedings to which paragraph (1) or, as the case may be, (4) above applies may be brought in any court in Scotland.

    (6) Agreements or provisions of a trust instrument conferring jurisdiction shall have no legal force if the courts whose jurisdiction they purport to exclude have exclusive jurisdiction by virtue of rule 5 or where rule 5(2) applies.

     7.  - (1) Apart from jurisdiction derived from other provisions of this Schedule, a court before whom a defender enters an appearance shall have jurisdiction.

    (2) This rule shall not apply where appearance was entered to contest jurisdiction, or where another court has exclusive jurisdiction by virtue of rule 5 or where rule 5(2) applies.



Examination as to jurisdiction and admissibility
     8. Where a court is seised of a claim which is principally concerned with a matter over which another court has exclusive jurisdiction by virtue of rule 5, or where it is precluded from exercising jurisdiction by rule 5(2), it shall declare of its own motion that it has no jurisdiction.

     9. Where in any case a court has no jurisdiction which is compatible with this Schedule, and the defender does not enter an appearance, the court shall declare of its own motion that it has no jurisdiction.".

     8. In Schedule 9 (proceedings excluded from Schedule 8), in paragraph 14(a) - 

(a) after "Article 57", insert ", or Article 71 of the Regulation,"; and

(b) omit "in the 1968 Convention".

" or who applies for the registration of a judgment under Council Regulation (EC) No. 44/2001 of 22nd December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters".

The Maintenance and Affiliation Orders Act (Northern Ireland) 1966 (c.35)(N.I.)
     7. In section 10 of the Maintenance and Affiliation Orders Act (Northern Ireland) 1966[24] (orders to which Part II of that Act applies), in subsections (2) and (5), after "the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982" insert - 

" or Council Regulation (EC) No. 44/2001 of 22nd December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters".

The Administration of Justice Act 1970 (c. 31)
     8. In Schedule 8 to the Administration of Justice Act 1970[25] (which lists maintenance orders for the purposes of Part II of that Act), after paragraph 13 insert - 

     " 13A. A maintenance judgment within the meaning of Council Regulation (EC) No. 44/2001 of 22nd December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, which is registered in a magistrates' court under that Regulation.".

The Attachment of Earnings Act 1971 (c. 32)
     9. In Schedule 1 to the Attachment of Earnings Act 1971[26] (which lists maintenance orders to which that Act applies) after paragraph 13 insert - 

     " 14. A maintenance judgment within the meaning of Council Regulation (EC) No. 44/2001 of 22nd December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, which is registered in a magistrates' court under that Regulation.".

The Magistrates' Courts Act 1980 (c. 43)
     10. The Magistrates' Courts Act 1980[27] is amended as follows.

     11. In section 65[28] (meaning of family proceedings) - 

(a) after subsection (1)(q) insert - 


" (r) Council Regulation (EC) No. 44/2001 of 22nd December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, so far as that Regulation relates to the recognition or enforcement of maintenance orders;"; and



(b) in subsection (2)(a) for "and (p)" substitute ", (p) and (r)".

     12. In subsection 7 of section 95[29] (remission of arrears and manner in which arrears to be paid) in paragraph (a) of the definition of "non-English maintenance order" - 

(a) at the end of sub-paragraph (iii) omit "or";

(b) at the end of sub-paragraph (iv) add "or";

(c) after sub-paragraph (iv) insert - 


" (v) under Council Regulation (EC) No. 44/2001 of 22nd December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters;".

The Magistrates' Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981 (S.I. 1981/1675 (N.I.26))
     13. The Magistrates' Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981[30] is amended as follows.

     14. In paragraph (7) of Article 87[31] (remission of arrears and manner in which arrears to be paid) in paragraph (a) of the definition of "non-Northern Ireland maintenance order" - 

(a) at the end of sub-paragraph (iii) omit "or";

(b) at the end of sub-paragraph (iv) add "or";

(c) after sub-paragraph (iv) insert - 


" (v) under Council Regulation (EC) No. 44/2001 of 22nd December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters;".

     15. In Article 88[32] (definition of "domestic proceedings" for the purposes of that Order), at the end of paragraph (a) insert - 

" or under Council Regulation (EC) No. 44/2001 of 22nd December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, so far as that Regulation relates to the recognition or enforcement of maintenance orders;".

     16. In Article 98[33] (enforcement of orders for periodical payment of money) at the end of paragraph (11)(b) insert - 

" or Council Regulation (EC) No. 44/2001 of 22nd December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters;".

The Merchant Shipping (Liner Conferences) Act 1982 (c. 37)
     17. In section 5 of the Merchant Shipping (Liner Conferences) Act 1982[34] (liability of members of conference to be in proportion to their responsibility), in subsection (6), after "Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982" insert "or Council Regulation (EC) No. 44/2001 of 22nd December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters".

The Matrimonial and Family Proceedings Act 1984 (c. 42)
     18. The Matrimonial and Family Proceedings Act 1984[35] is amended as follows.

     19. In section 15 (jurisdiction of the court), in subsection (2) - 

(a) after "(implementation of certain European conventions)" insert "or by virtue of Council Regulation (EC) No. 44/2001 of 22nd December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters or"; and

(b) in paragraph (a) and (b) after "by virtue of" insert "that Regulation or".

     20. In section 28 (circumstances in which a Scottish court may entertain application for financial provision), in subsection (4) - 

(a) after "(implementation of certain European conventions)" insert "or by virtue of Council Regulation (EC) No. 44/2001 of 22nd December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters or"; and

(b) in paragraph (a) and (b) after "by virtue of" insert "that Regulation or".

The Companies Act 1989 (c. 40)
     21. In section 183 of the Companies Act 1989[36] (insolvency proceedings in other jurisdictions), in subsection (3) after "the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982" insert "or Council Regulation (EC) No. 44/2001 of 22nd December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters".

The Matrimonial and Family Proceedings (Northern Ireland) Order 1989 (S.I. 1989/677 (N.I.4))
     22. In Article 19 of the Matrimonial and Family Proceedings (Northern Ireland) Order 1989[37] (jurisdiction of the court), in paragraph (2) - 

(a) after "(implementation of certain European conventions)" insert "or by virtue of Council Regulation (EC) No. 44/2001 of 22nd December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters or"; and

(b) in sub-paragraphs (a) and (b) after "by virtue of" insert "that Regulation or".

The Companies (No. 2)(Northern Ireland) Order 1990 (S.I. 1990/1504 (N.I. 10))
     23. In Article 104 of the Companies (No.2) (Northern Ireland) Order 1990[38] (insolvency proceedings in other jurisdictions) in paragraph (3) after "the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982" insert "or Council Regulation (EC) No. 44/2001 of 22nd December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters".

The Social Security Administration Act 1992 (c. 5)
     24. In section 108 of the Social Security Administration Act 1992[39] (reduction of expenditure on income support: certain maintenance orders to be enforceable by the Secretary of State) in subsection (4)(a) - 

(a) at the end of sub-paragraph (ii) omit "or";

(b) at the end of sub-paragraph (iii) substitute "or" for "and"; and

(c) after sub-paragraph (iii) insert - 


" (iv) Council Regulation (EC) No. 44/2001 of 22nd December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters; and".

The Social Security Administration (Northern Ireland) Act 1992 (c.8) (N.I.)
     25. In section 103 of the Social Security Administration (Northern Ireland) Act 1992[40] (reduction of expenditure on income support: certain maintenance orders to be enforceable by the Department) in subsection (4)(a) - 

(a) at the end of sub-paragraph (ii) omit "or";

(b) at the end of sub-paragraph (iii) substitute "or" for "and"; and

(c) after sub-paragraph (iii) insert - 


" (iv) the Council Regulation (EC) No. 44/2001 of 22nd December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters; and".

The Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 (Interim Relief) Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/302)
     26. In article 2 of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 (Interim Relief) Order 1997[41] - 

(a) in paragraph (a) after "Lugano Contracting State" insert "or Regulation State"; and

(b) for paragraph (b) substitute - 


" (b) proceedings whose subject-matter is not within the scope of the Regulation as determined by Article 1 of the Regulation".

The Financial Markets and Insolvency (Settlement Finality) Regulations 1999 (S.I. 1999/2979)
     27. In regulation 25 of the Financial Markets and Insolvency (Settlement Finality) Regulations 1999[42] (insolvency proceedings in other jurisdictions), at the end of paragraph (3) add "or Council Regulation (EC) No. 44/2001 of 22nd December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters".

The Community Legal Service (Financial) Regulations 2000 (S.I. 2000/516)
     28. In regulation 3 of the Community Legal Service (Financial) Regulations 2000[43] (financial eligibility), in paragraph (1)(g) - 

(a) at the end of sub-paragraph (ii) insert "; or" and

(b) after sub-paragraph (ii) insert - 


" (iii) applies for the registration of a judgment under Council Regulation (EC) No. 44/2001 of 22nd December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters".

[2] OJ No. L304, 30.10.1978, p. 50.back

[3] OJ No. L304, 30.10.1978, p. 1.back

[4] 1982 c.27, as amended by the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1991 (c.12) and by S.I. 1989/1346, S.I. 1990/2591, S.I. 1993/603 and S.I. 2000/1824.back

[5] OJ No. L391, 25.11.88, p. 9.back

[6] 1991 c.12.back

[7] Council Regulation (EC) No. 44/2001.back

[8] 1972 c. 68.back

[9] 1980 c. 43; section 76 was amended by the Criminal Justice Act 1982 (c. 48), section 78, Schedule 16 and the Maintenance Enforcement Act 1991 (c. 17), section 7; section 93 was amended by the Family Law Reform Act 1987 (c. 42), section 33(1), Schedule 2, paragraph 84 and the Maintenance Enforcement Act 1991 (c. 17), section 11(1), Schedule 2, paragraph 7.back

[10] Sections 5(5B) and 5(5C) of that Act were inserted by the Maintenance Enforcement Act 1991 (c. 17), section 10, Schedule 1, paragraph 21. Section 5(5B) was also amended by the Access to Justice Act 1999 (c. 22), section 90(1), Schedule 13, paragraph 122.back

[11] This definition was inserted by the Family Law Reform Act 1987 (c. 42), section 33(1), Schedule 2, paragraph 88.back

[12] S.I. 1981/1675 (N.I.26).back

[13] Section 5(6A) was inserted by the Family Law (Northern Ireland) Order 1993 (S.I. 1993/1576 (N.I.6)), article 11, Schedule 1, paragraph 16(b).back

[14] 1969 c. 58.back

[15] This section was amended by the Administration of Justice Act 1977, section 32, Schedule 5, Part IV.back

[16] 1958 c.39; section 2A was inserted by the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 (c. 27), section 37, Schedule 1, Part II.back

[17] 1966 c.53, section 11A was inserted by the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 (c.27), paragraph 7 of Schedule 11.back

[18] 1947 c. 24. Section 1(2A) was inserted by section 15 of the Armed Forces Act 1991 (c. 62).back

[19] 1955 c. 18. The first paragraph of subsection (5) was amended by section 22(1) of, and paragraph 2 of the Schedule to, the Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1972 (c. 18) and section 15(4) of, and paragraph 1 of Part I of Schedule 12 to, the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 (c. 27).back

[20] 1955 c. 19. The first paragraph of subsection (5) was amended by section 22(1) of, and paragraph 2 of the Schedule to, the Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1972 (c. 18) and section 15(4) of, and paragraph 1 of Part I of Schedule 12 to, the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 (c. 27).back

[21] 1957 c. 53. Subsection (5) was amended by section 22(1) of, and paragraph 3 of the Schedule to, the Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1972 (c. 18) and section 15(4) of, and paragraph 2 of Part I of Schedule 12 to, the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 (c. 27).back

[22] 1958 c. 39. Subsection (4) was added by section 22(1) of, and paragraph 4 of the Schedule to, the Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1972 (c. 18) and section 15(4) of, and paragraph 3 of Part I of Schedule 12 to, the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 (c. 27).back

[23] S.R. & O. (N.I.) 1965 No. 217. Regulation 3B was inserted by regulation 2 of the Legal Aid (General) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1968 (S.R. 1986 No. 346).back

[24] 1966 c. 35 (N.I.). Subsection 10(5) was inserted by section 22 of, and paragraph 5(b) of the Schedule to, the Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1972 (c.18). Sections 10(2) and (5) were amended by section 15(4) of, and paragraph 4 of Part I of Schedule 12 to, the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 (c.27).back

[25] 1970 c. 31. Paragraph 13 was inserted by section 15(4) of, and paragraph 5 of Part I of Schedule 12 to, the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 (c. 27).back

[26] 1971 c. 32. Paragraph 13 was inserted by section 15(4) of, and paragraph 6 of Part I of Schedule 12 to, the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 (c. 27).back

[27] 1980 c. 43.back

[28] Section 65(1)(m) was inserted by section 15(4) of, and paragraph 7 of Part I of Schedule 12 to, the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 (c. 27).back

[29] Section 95 was substituted by section 11(1) of, and paragraph 8 of Schedule 2 to, the Maintenance Enforcement Act 1991 (c. 17).back

[30] S.I. 1981/1675 (N.I. 26).back

[31] Article 87 was substituted by Article 9(2) of the Family Law (Northern Ireland) Order 1993 (S.I. 1993/1576 (N.I.6)).back

[32] Article 88(a) was amended by section 15(4) of, and paragraph 8(1) of Part I of Schedule 12 to, the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 (c.27).back

[33] Article 98(11)(b) was amended by section 15(4) of, and paragraph 8(2) of Part I of Schedule 12 to, the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 (c.27).back

[34] 1982 c. 37.back

[35] 1984 c. 42.back

[36] 1989 c.40.back

[37] S.I. 1989/677 (N.I.4.)back

[38] S.I. 1990/1504 (N.I.10)back

[39] 1992 c. 5.back

[40] 1992 c.8 (N.I.).back

[41] S.I. 1997/302.back

[42] S.I. 1999/2979.back

[43] S.I. 2000/516.back

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